The aim of this comparative study is to get more knowledge about organisation and structures of language training services for adult immigrants in the Nordic countries, including analysis of best practice and (perceived) benefit compared to cost.

A secondary aim is to get more knowledge about different solutions to reduce the identified barriers for participation in language services for adult immigrants.

The target group includes adult immigrants categorized in the following sub categories:

- Refugees and their reunited family members

- Family members of Nordic citizens arriving through family reunification

- Labour migrants from EEA countries

- Labour migrants from outside the EEA

The Contracting Authority expects research proposals to differ between the four subcategories and consider and describe the empirical methods best suited for this enquiry, and provide arguments to this effect.

The current project is expected to deliver empirical analyses beyond a descriptive mapping of services.

To identify barriers for participation and successful forms of organisation, there is a need for in-depth descriptions as well as analytical comparisons across cases, subcategories and countries.