A characterization tool is to be purchased that enables high-resolution photoluminescence imaging (PL imaging) of solar cells, in particular the partial cells in monolithic tandem solar cells with dimensions of up to 210 mm × 210 mm. This characterization tool, which is required for the development and scaling of high-efficiency tandem solar cells, is said to have the following functionalities:

1- The device is intended for luminescence imaging of various photovoltaic single and dual solar cells. It is intended to carry out both an independent and a simultaneous optical excitation of the sub-cells in tandem solar cells as well as an electrical excitation of the components with subsequent selective luminescence signal detection of the individual subcells. Measurements under open-circuit and short-circuit conditions as well as photoluminescence measurements with current extraction under various external loads are provided.

The sample temperature during the entire measurement process should be kept at room temperature.

2- The component (solar cell) should be located in a fully enclosed and interlocked system that complies with European safety standards (CE). The housing is also said to be equipped with vibration-isolating feet.

3- In the basic version of the device, sufficient space and capacity is provided for a possible future extension with a photoluminescence-based characterization of the middle subcell in triple solar cells (triple cells).

4- A well-documented and easy-to-use software with extensive image analysis capabilities and methods for image correction and calibration, which enables spatially resolved extraction of the photovoltaic-related optical and electronic properties of the subcells. The software, which is integrated into the corresponding hardware, will enable the preconditioning of the samples and measurement modes (e.g. time-dependent data acquisition) specific to perovskite-based solar cells. An interface must be provided for data import and export.

A characterization tool is to be purchased that enables high-resolution photoluminescence imaging (PL imaging) of solar cells, in particular the partial cells in monolithic tandem solar cells with dimensions of up to 210 mm × 210 mm. This characterization tool, which is required for the development and scaling of high-efficiency tandem solar cells, is said to have the following functionalities:

1- The device is intended for luminescence imaging of various photovoltaic single and dual solar cells. It is intended to carry out both an independent and a simultaneous optical excitation of the sub-cells in tandem solar cells as well as an electrical excitation of the components with subsequent selective luminescence signal detection of the individual subcells. Measurements under open-circuit and short-circuit conditions as well as photoluminescence measurements with current extraction under various external loads are provided.

The sample temperature during the entire measurement process should be kept at room temperature.

2- The component (solar cell) should be located in a fully enclosed and interlocked system that complies with European safety standards (CE). The housing is also said to be equipped with vibration-isolating feet.

3- In the basic version of the device, sufficient space and capacity is provided for a possible future extension with a photoluminescence-based characterization of the middle subcell in triple solar cells (triple cells).

4- A well-documented and easy-to-use software with extensive image analysis capabilities and methods for image correction and calibration, which enables spatially resolved extraction of the photovoltaic-related optical and electronic properties of the subcells. The software, which is integrated into the corresponding hardware, will enable the preconditioning of the samples and measurement modes (e.g. time-dependent data acquisition) specific to perovskite-based solar cells. An interface must be provided for data import and export.