The European Commission is launching studies on the potential use of LEO constellations data in complement with or integrated with other upcoming PNT solutions and/or with GNSS services. In this context, High Altitude Pseudo Satellites (HAPS) and 5G based PNT are considered as most relevant technologies in the new paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT) and good candidate interesting for a hybridisation with space-based PNT (being either from GNSS or LEO-PNT systems).

In this procurement the European Commission aims at investigating the following areas in detail:

• how the available or upcoming LEO-PNT services will impact the provision of PNT services according to their specific architectures;

• what is the current status of the HAPS-5G PNT services and how they can be exploited together with new LEO constellations and GNSS (and Galileo in particular);

• understand the characteristics of each PNT system (LEO-PNT, HAPS, 5G) and the specific differentiators, including a detailed characterisation of ant eventual dependency from the existing GNSS infrastructure;

• how the various combinations of LEO-PNT, HAPS and 5G PNT can be integrated with GNSS (and Galileo in particular) and which is the best hybridization solution (labelled in this document with the acronym ‘HybPNT’) for a target user category;

• how effective is LEO-PNT capability, integrated or not in the HybPNT framework, to deploy new PNT features and fill the provision gap of the conventional GNSS solutions;

• definition, implementation at SW level and validation through end to end simulations the PNT terminal design for the next generation users. This must be seen as an instrument that can be used beyond the project lifetime, as a tool that can continue supporting analyses in the context of synergies of GNSS with other PNT systems